INTRODUCTION-100
Engineering Sustainability is known as a process of planning and designing various operating systems that are based on energy and resource sustainability. It also can be considered as a process that does not compromise the natural environment at any cost in the process of future generations to meet basic human needs (Simon, 2019). This report analyzes population growth to derive effective data that can help engineers to maintain sustainability in the engineering process. Various factors will be analyzed in the study that can influence the population growth. The population of India and China is used to calculate the population rate that should be maintained to get equal to the population of India in the year 2019. The effect of greenhouse gases also will be evaluated for the concept of global warming and other environmental factors that are critical to consider. Various factors are considered in the report that contribute to global warming.
1. a) Role of Population In Environmental Sustainability
The role of the world population is most important for maintaining the sustainability of the environment to prevent it from various factors like global warming and climate change.
There are different factors that can affect population growth around the world. Mainly these factors are- Economic Development, Education, Quality of children, social factors, cultural factors, and death rate (Bacci, 2017). These are a major factor that needs to be considered in order to find its impact on the population growth rate.
Economic Development
The countries which in their developing stage and their economies are still under development have mostly concerns about the impact of economic growth on the population growth rate (Bowen and Karl, 2017). In these countries, children are considered potential income earners and it is considered that the more the children parents have in a family they will have more potential members who can earn money.
Education
Education is a costly process for parents and an expensive education system can encourage people to plan their family limited to stay economically stable (Abernethy and Hardin, 2018). This is how the population rate is affected by the education system.
Quality of Children
In developing countries, people less focus on the quality of the educational needs of children so they do not care about family planning. If they start caring about the educational needs of their children they can show initiative for family planning.
Death rate
The death rate is inversely proportional to the population growth (Cassen, 2016). A higher death rate will reduce the population growth rate and a lower death rate shows that the population is growing much faster. The concept is related to factors that state that the death rate can slow down the birth rate.
2 a) Explain The Greenhouse Effect, Global Warming, And Climate Change And Their Connection With Human Activity
Human activities are one of the main reasons because of why change in climate is occurring frequently (Estrada, Botzen, and Tol, 2017). One of the main reasons for this frequent climatic change is the greenhouse effect and its effect on global warming. Climate change can be defined as an issue in which there is a definite shift in weather patterns, a rise in sea level, etc. One of the main reasons for climate change is greenhouse gases and global warming. The greenhouse effect can be defined as a process in which radiation from the earth's atmosphere helps in maintaining the earth's surface to a certain temperature. This is mainly due to the increasing number of greenhouse gases such as CO2. This increasing number of gases and their quantity is becoming one of the most prominent reasons for global warming. Global warming is a phenomenon in which there is a rise in the earth's temperature. All of these phenomena are directly linked to human activities. These are mainly because of changing human activities such as natural resources such as oil, gases, coal, etc. are being increasingly used or burned by humans because of which emissions of greenhouse gases are increasing. As a result, frequent changes in climate are occurring and global warming is increasing continuously.
2. b) Explain Global Warming Potential And Factors That Contribute To The Differences In The Values For Different Greenhouse Gases
Global warming potential (GWP) is a measure in which the amount of greenhouse gases trapped in the earth's atmosphere is measured up to a specific time horizon (King, Karoly, and Henley, 2017). There are various factors that contribute to differences in greenhouse gas values such as absorption of infrared radiation by a specific species, atmospheric lifetime of the species, and spectral location of its absorbing wavelength i.e. how much amount of gases are trapped in the atmosphere is calculated, then for how long these gases will be trapped in the environment is calculated and lastly till what level these gases will impact the atmosphere is calculated. These are the factors that contribute to the indifference in values of various kinds of greenhouse gases. Gases with high GWP absorb more energy whereas gases with lower GWP increase earth temperature.
Explanation of why the focus is always on CO2 even though it has a much lower global warming potential compared to other greenhouse gases
CO2 is always paid more attention as compared to other greenhouse gases because other gases have more potential to trap heat molecules compared to CO2 (Manzello, Eakin, and Glynn, 2017). Carbon dioxide plays a vital role in bringing changes within climate. There are many resources because of which CO2 is emitted such as the burning of fossil fuels, burning forests, or cutting down of forests. Other greenhouse gases have the ability to trap heat but CO2 puts the environment at greater risk it has an irreversible effect on the atmosphere because global warming is increasing continuously, changes within climate are occurring frequently, etc.
CONCLUSION
This report concludes the importance of a population growth study to know the impact of various factors on population growth all over the world. There are different factors that have been analyzed in a report that may have an impact on population growth in developing countries. The impact of greenhouse gases is analyzed for climate change and global warming around the world. The impact of CO2 is analyzed for global warming compared to other greenhouse gases.
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