Mental Issues and Governance for Abolition of Children's Rights
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Mental Issues and Governance in the Abolition of Children's Rights

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Module 1 - Un Convention on Human Rights (Australian Human Rights Legislation)

This article mainly raises issues about the Abolition of Children's Rights in Australia, where I have identified that the Government of the respective nation has not been a serious intervention in the prevention of children's rights (Faith and Noam, 2019). Cases related to mental health problems under children aged 12 to 14 years especially, those who are refugees or asylum seekers, are increasing continuously within Australia. However, a number of programs have been run to protect the culture and rights of children, such as stopping imprisonment to young of 10 years old, supporting programs like Aboriginal-led educational programs etc. As per the current report which is handed down by the UN Committee, it has been determined that the Australian Government fails to protect the rights of children (Szablewska and Kubacki, 2019). This includes the treatment of asylum-seeking and refugees equally; lack of opportunities for children to participate within decision-making on policies; forced sterilisation of disabled children continuously; increasing cases related to children in the criminal justice system and care etc. Failure of these rights affect the life of children negatively in given nation (Joseph and Johnson, 2019). As Government of Australia has played a major role in the passage and drafting of UN Convention On Children Rights, but despite this, respective nation doesn't have a national strategy for the implementation of protection of children's rights, in appropriate way. Along with this, instead of granted bail, children in higher number are being remanded for jail, which is contrary of international guidelines (Bozza and Berger, 2019). This factor reflects that there is a little intention of Australian Government for addressing the abolition of children's rights. Therefore, concerning such issues, the UN Committee has provided a number of recommendations for the prevention of children's rights. It includes raising the minimum age of criminal responsibility to 14 from 10, which is internationally accepted; reducing the disproportionate rate of imprisoned children who belong to communities of Indigenous or asylum seekers; reviewing as well as repealing the mandatory minimum sentences for children; and prohibiting the use of force and isolation against children in the use of retention, quick action against abuse or unethical behaviour with children in detention; and so on (Symonides, 2019). Investigating this article, I have learned that for prevention of children's rights, Australian Government needs to be concerned about these recommendations while making new policies, so that lives can be improved. 

Module 2 - Violence Against Women

To investigate women's safety and security against any kind of violence, I have taken the current report of BBC, which is based upon the murder mystery of Eurydice Dixon of January month 2019. The death of this Arabian student at just age of 21, has raised a question about violence against women in Australia (Frances, 2019). As per the family members of this young woman, she has opted for this place just because it is safer than other countries. Therefore, the killing of this lady has revealed a number of high-profile murders in Australia, where every third of women in the respective nation has faced physical or mental violence (Smith, 2019). Along with this, according to statistical survey, every fifth of women have endured abusive activities like sexual violence. So, this article is mainly based on the issue related to the dangerous situation of women in Australia. I have analysed the question raised by Frances Mao, this article is very important and has made violence against women a main issue on the national agenda. It isn't taken as a crisis but on a serious note, it refers to an ongoing power problem related to gender, within the culture of Australia (Meissner and McKenzie, 2019). In this regard, Australia at the global level, comes in eighth position in terms of violence against women. However, the BBC report has also showcased the intervention taken by the government of this country for the safety and security of women, i.e. Anti-violence policy launched in 2012. However, there is little evidence collected if such cases have been reduced or not. Therefore, it has been determined that Australia will only be able to reduce or eradicate the violence against women when they are not only safe but also respected with dignity, valued as well and treated equally.

On the effectiveness of this article, I have evaluated that the issue raised in the same has put a thorough question on why the Australian Government fails to eradicate the violence against women. The writer has triggered this question by collecting the proper evidence and some case studies which reflect that women are not very safe in terms of domestic and sexual violence within Australia (McComas, 2019). So, the government of this nation needs to make new and strong policies, which improve the condition of women and prevent them from any kind of violence. 

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Module 3 - Human Rights in the Context of Children as Policing Skills

This article raises the question of controversial policing skills i.e. strip-searching, where in Australia, more than 122 girls two of them of less than 12 years, have been forced for this controversial investigation (Revealed: NSW police strip-searched more than 100 girls, including 12-year-olds, 2019). Strip searching refers to a policing practice where the complete body of a person including his/her personal effects like vagina, anus, mouth and other intimate areas have been searched to identify hidden weapons (Meissner and McKenzie, 2019). However, as per statistical data about New South Wales (NSW) policies, women have been forced against their will for this investigation. So, it has abolished human rights for women especially for children also, that highly considered as violence against them. The brutal treatment of the women among whom some are below the age of 12 and 18, has put this controversial practice of police under increased enquiry. So, this practice especially with younger-aged or school girls has undoubtedly raised feelings of terror or threats under females of Australia, where most of them have less information about legal or human rights (Smith, 2019). The most shocking evidence includes checking the intimate parts of school girls in front of all policemen, without the presence or consent of their parents, showing the potential breach of powers possessed by the Australian police force. LECC (Law Enforcement Conduct Commission), has reviewed all procedures or common powers of policies, to determine if it is legal to force women and other people to squat while strip-searching (Symonides, 2019). In this regard, in the month of September 2019, NSW police are permitted for strip-searching practice only in case of urgency or serious situations. Along with this, concerning human rights for women and children, without the presence of guardians or parents of, police have not allowed to continue this controversial practice (Szablewska and Kubacki, 2019). Therefore, through this article, I have evaluated that for protecting and preventing human rights, especially for the safety of women and children, the Australian Government needs to put more interventions on ethical policing practices, where officers before investigation must be properly trained to deal with the public in an empathetic and respectful manner. 

Module 4 - The Problem of ‘Ethnic Crime'

The article chosen here is mainly concerned with overall crime and the situation regarding safety in Australia. I have evaluated through this article that as compared with large urban cities, there is a minimal risk related to crime in Melbourne, where approximately 7861 offences have been recorded among the population of 100k (Australia 2019 Crime & Safety Report: Melbourne, 2019). In these offences, cases generally include theft, burglary, bribery and more. In terms of ethnic crime, there have been various demonstrations within major and large urban Australian cities, which are following high-profile global attacks including ISIS (Meissner and McKenzie, 2019). However, the policing authorities of Australia are much more capable of managing such kinds of events. The police authorities are highly well-trained and professional, and most of them are well-equipped with emergency response teams such as SWAT, Negotiators, EOD and more, who are capable of mobilizing and responding towards any incident immediately. Triple zero (000) is one of the Australian which is equivalent to the US 911 system and has the potential to respond to any emergency within this nation (McComas, 2019). For dealing with ethnic and any other crimes, that may harm the people most adversely, The Australian Federal Government Agency i.e. The Australian Customs and Border Protection Service is always responsible. This agency is mainly concerned with managing the security as well as the integrity of its territorial border, which facilitates the movement of legitimate international travellers and goods while providing the security, safety and commercial interests of residents of this nation (Joseph and Johnson, 2019). In case of ethnic and other crimes, people can anytime contact Australian customs at 1-300-363-263.

The main concerning thing which I have evaluated under this article is that to respond towards any criminal offence, Victoria Police of Australia provides a number of policing services which include more than 17k officers throughout the state. The main role of this team is to preserve and protect the peace, life and property, by preventing and detecting the offences, along with apprehending the offences (Bozza and Berger, 2019). Moreover, the Victoria Police of this nation also respond towards all matters including crimes ranging from ethnic, counter-terrorism and minority traffic infringements to homicides. Therefore, Australian police are highly capable of reducing criminal and ethnic offences to protect the people.

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Module 5 - Statistical Data on Asylum Seekers and Refugees

Concerning on statistical survey on communities which includes asylum seekers and refugees, it has been evaluated that there are a number of people who are seeking asylum in Australia (Statistics on people seeking asylum in the community, 2019). To seek asylum, many of these people have mostly come by plane in this nation, while others have come by boat. The manner in which they came within Australia affects whether they should be detained as per their conditions of visas, including how the way in which a claim for protection can be determined. Concerning on this serious issue, the Government of the respective nation has stated that members of this community can only claim asylum afterwards if they have come on a valid visa (Szablewska and Kubacki, 2019). Through statistical surveys, it has been identified that asylum seekers who came by plane in 2014-15 were approx. 8562, but year by year, number of these people are continuously raising. But in 2019, it has reduced to 4037 refugees. While refugees who have come by boat in 2019 were near about 24,566 only 1650 have been granted. On 30th June 2019, it was estimated that there were more than 14,507 refugees who had sought asylum by boat in Australia by boat (as shown in the below figure). They mostly belonged to the community, who were released on the basis of Bridging Visa E. However 2,041 among them were recorded as being included in the community who were waiting for a grant related to further Bridging Visa E (Symonides, 2019). So, this factor depicts that these asylum seekers currently do not have any legal permission to stay in the community. Therefore, they also do not have any Australian rights regarding work, study or access to Medicare (Smith, 2019).

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