PM206 Social psychology Level 5 Plymouth University

PART A

Annotated bibliography

1. Knowles, M. L., Haycock, N., & Shaikh, I. (2015). Does Facebook magnify or mitigate threats to belonging? Social Psychology, 46(6), 313-324. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.une.edu.au/10.1027/1864- 9335/a000246

With time, there are many changes that have taken place in relation with technology. With advancement technology has helped to have direct interaction with customers. It includes social media like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc. All these social sites have their own set of advantages and disadvantages. There are different types of researches that are carried out on similar topic.  It is being identified that there are high impact on perception of people when they see any type of advertisement or chat with their friends. In order to conduct the research, there are four different type of studies that are taken into consideration (Knowles, Haycock and Shaikh, 2015). All these studies are focused on manipulate exclusion and observed participants behavioural preferences.

As per the first study, it includes measured participants belonging needs and their use of Facebook. Second study is about manipulated exclusion, exposed participants for Facebook pages/photos or controlling them. For 3^rd and 4^th study, it also includes measured needs for aggressive and satisfaction. Overall the findings show that among all the social media, Facebook is highly effective and enables to change the perception that is carried out by individuals. The impact is high and people tend to fall even for the false information that are provided. 

1. De Choudhury, M., Counts, S., & Gamon, M. (2012). Not all moods are created equal! exploring human emotional states in social media. In Sixth international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media. http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM12/paper/viewPaper/4683

The preferences that are made by individuals towards any type of condition will be different. One will be able to consider that problems that are faced in such a way the each one can take up steps to meet their satisfaction level. There are many options that are available to people who make use of social media. In this context people can use written post, images, videos, etc. In accordance with the research it is identified that individuals prefer to make use of video and image presented. With this respect, people get to know regarding the information that is provided. Post made by a person is considered to be more effective when it is presented in form of video or image (De Choudhury, Counts and Gamon, 2012). These are helpful enough to grab attention of others and to think on that perspective. The behaviour and attitude changes when individuals are able to go through any posts. Emotional states of individuals that are known as mood are considered to be the expression of ideas, opinions and thoughts.

1. Lambert, A. (2016). Intimacy and social capital on Facebook: Beyond the psychological perspective. New Media & Society, 18(11), 2559-2575.  http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1461444815588902

As per Lambert, (2016) additions cause serious problems to a person. This ha negative impact over the mind and body. It is important to make sure that proper consideration make in which the one is not got into any type of addiction. With this respect, one of the addictions identified is related with use of social media. Individuals tent to make use of the websites in such a way that they get all the information that they want. However, these are benefited for the business as this type of habitual condition causes as per to follow the same attitude and this is used by firms to attract people. There are situations in which people are able to related with the information or conversation that taken place with any person around the world (Lambert, 2016). All these are make a person to think over the aspects that are being conveyed. When way, the type of sources that are used by other for the information make a person to develop perception accordingly. When all these conditions are considered and still there are behavioural changes identified, then addiction make a person to face serious difficulties.

PART B

What is the Social Psychology behind this social media?

Psychology would mainly and totally be depending upon the fact that what is the relationship between people with that of others throughout their life. As we all are aware of the fact that social media or social networking is playing significant role in this relationship of people with one another (Sunstein, 2018). So scientists or psychologist are interested in knowing or analysing this phenomenon of why these people are relying so much on various sites for just their attachment needs only. During the early stage of this social media it was generalising into the common for of  online communities that was focusing onto the social interaction of people with the use of chat rooms. After the passage of time this become the common and general pass time of people which was after the launching of Facebook in the year 2004.

Now at present this is the largest social networking website in world with about 2.2 billion active users as on January 2018. This is considered to as the largest media and news coverage station from all over the world impacting the emotional and social health of people all around the work. There are various research which was held on this purpose of social media and its psychology behind it and it was made clear that these platform would be creating division, risking the health and exploiting the hidden insecurities within. In the year 1823 it was included and described by Lord Kames that human being at a particular stage of time would be having their common preference for the novelty. So in this current time it is playing the role that social media is attracting majority of people and this is increasing the number of people who are using this social media networking sites in their use.

Most of the people are working into their office which would getting them stress of setting in front of computer and doing their work (Ramanathan, Subramanian & Parrott, 2017). Then after they are coming to their home then they engage themselves into all kinds of social media site which is not only leading to mental but physical stress. In one of the study which was done on users of these different types of sites they analysed about 3.9 million users of social networking sites that too over 17 days. They came to know that about 71% of them were changing their mind frequently while writing a post or commenting on it. Once they typed out their status or any of the comment on others post and then they deleted it deciding not be submit that. This was done on more frequent bases as on an average they changed their mind in 4.52 statues and 3.2 comments as well.

No one else then social media would be knowing or agreeing with this point that all the emotions especially that of happiness is contagious which is likely to spread from one person to the other on frequent bases (7 Social Media Psychology Studies That Will Make Your Marketing Smarter, 2018). So various researchers of University of California conducted one inquiry upon what is the emotional touch behind the content which is posted on Facebook which lasted for 1 year. So in this one it was concluded that whatever people are feeling and saying in any part of this world would be spreading to many parts on the very same day. It was seen that positive post would b more contagious than that of negative one as positive one was spreading 1.75 times more than that of negative which was only 1.29.

In an, other research which was published in Psychological science it was seen that profile photo which was posted by millions of users in similar lighting. All the photos was judged on the bases of trust, intelligence, creativity and attractiveness. In one of the other research it was analysed that about ¼ or 24% of the total social media users would be sharing everything or most of the things on their social media account. While on the other hand 19% of them were they who would not be sharing anything on the online sites and these both percentage of sharers differ in all the countries. In Asia, Africa and Latin America the percentage of oversharing and internet penetration is the highest and lowest is in the European countries.

Most of the social media users would be sharing the strong feeling like that of anger and anxiety which would be leading to the stage of arousal that is activating the nervous system and then they lead to share that news (7 Social Media Psychology Studies That Will Make Your Marketing Smarter, 2018). The neuroscientists of Harvard University studied in oner of their research that humans naturally love to talk about themselves the most so due to this they always tend to share their thoughts whatever is trigging in their mind. This was about 80% of all the social media users who are been posting their day to day feeling and activities onto their networking sites.

CONCLUSION

Towards the end it is concluded that many of the research which was conducted based on what is the mentality or psychology of people in related to their use or spending most of the time of various social media sites. During the early stage of this social media it was generalising into the common for of  online communities that was focusing onto the social interaction of people with the use of chat rooms. It was said that people who are regularly announcing their activities are more in number then those who are not doing this thing. So in this one it was concluded that whatever people are feeling and saying in any part of this world would be spreading to many parts on the very same day.  However, these are benefited for the business as this type of habitual condition causes as per to follow the same attitude and this is used by firms to attract people. There are situations in which people are able to related with the information or conversation that taken place with any person around the world.

REFERENCES

• De Choudhury, M., Counts, S., & Gamon, M. (2012). Not all moods are created equal! exploring human emotional states in social media. In Sixth international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media.
• Knowles, M. L., Haycock, N., & Shaikh, I. (2015). Does Facebook magnify or mitigate threats to belonging? Social Psychology . 46(6). 313-324.
• Lambert, A. (2016). Intimacy and social capital on Facebook: Beyond the psychological perspective. New Media & Society. 18(11). 2559-2575.
• Ramanathan, U., Subramanian, N. & Parrott, G. (2017). Role of social media in retail network operations and marketing to enhance customer satisfaction. International Journal of Operations & Production Management. 37(1). pp.105-123.
• Sunstein, C.R. (2018). # Republic: Divided democracy in the age of social media. Princeton University Press.

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