Human Resource Management Roles and Responsibilities

2.1 & 2.2 Stages involved in Human Resource Planning and analyzing reasons for HRP in Marriott Hotels

It is a process through which right candidates are selected for the right job. Following are the five steps involved in Human Resource Planning. These are like:

Analysing organizational objectives: HRP is the overall planning for organization. Planning process starts with the analysis objectives which have to be achieved by the firm. Organization should include all the objectives form various fields like marketing, production, finance, sales and expansion (Barbeito, 2004). Objectives are very helpful in preparing the plans or path through which the firm can achieve their desired goals.

Scanning environment: Organization should identify internal and external factors that will affect the firm's capacity in meeting the objectives. External factors include labour market trends, changes in legislations, technological advancements, cultural and social values, current and projected economic conditions. On the other hand, internal factors include changes in policy platform, organizational structure, guidelines.

Identifying Gaps: Based on the first and second step, firm should determine the future and current human resource needs. All the possible shortages which may occur in specific occupational groups or potential needs should be identified. In addition to this, possible needs for succession planning and management should be identified (Bell, 2012). Further, it should ensure that firm has met all the obligations related to employment equity and diversity, providing proper training as well as learning and development to their staffs.

Development of plan: With the help of first, second and third step, firm should determine the priorities and strategies for major human resources so that the desired outcomes can be achieved. Plan should include key planning issues of organization and human resources priorities as well. Factors that will affect the budgetary considerations should be included in this plan. Human resource plan should be communicated with all the employees and stakeholders and managers should be engaged in implementing the plan.

Measuring progress: Key to successful implementation should be constantly measured, reported and monitored (Berke and Campanella, 2006). Firm should allow a process that allows for regular review, communication and adjustments of change.

Marriott Hotel performs all possible efforts and ensures that they would achieve the desired goals and will retain the employees. Following are the reasons for the use human resource planning at Marriott Hotel:

• This plan is very helpful in reducing the adverse impact of the latest technologies at the workplace.
• Helps in estimating the cost which will be incurred in achieving the objectives and it also undertakes the maximum use of human resource.
• HRP is very helpful in the retention and recruitment process. Most of the firms focus on retention as it is always better to make existing employees stay than selecting the new ones.
• Supports in assessing worker’s turnover and in making appropriate arrangements in reducing the turnover and in selecting appropriate candidates.
• In also helps in evaluating the shortage or surplus of human resources and in taking appropriate measures according to the situations.

2.3 & 2.4 Comparing and evaluating the effectiveness of recruitment and selection process

Recruitment and selection plays a vital role in selecting the most deserving candidates for the vacant post in the organization. There are many steps involved like sourcing the candidates, making personal interviews, selecting the best and most suitable candidate (Brooks and Nafukho, 2006). Different firms can have different recruitment and selection methods. Following is the comparison for the recruitment and selection between Hilton and Marriott International Hotel.

Hilton hotel comes under hospitality firm and has about 4112 hotels around the world located in 91 countries. They conduct the recruitment frequently. They use both internal as well as external sources of targeting employees. They collect all CV's that applied for particular tasks and make intensive evaluation as well as screening is done regarding the candidates. Among those CV's, few are selected for interviews and those selected candidates are interviewed and psychological tests are conducted for them (Tomé, 2011). If they pass the interview and psychological test, then medical test is taken followed by it. Then at the final step, they are provided with contract terms and then trial period of job.

On the other hand, Marriott International Hotel is the world’s leading lodging firm and has about 4200 properties located at 79 countries. They also hire employees frequently and provide young people with job opportunities. In addition to this, they provide job opportunities around the world.  Recruitment process starts with filling the recruitment form and submitting candidates resume on company's official page (Christensen, 2006). Form the applied forms, few are selected. The forms are selected on the basis of various aspects such as education, personality, skills, communication skills, etc. Selected candidates are called for the intensive interview where questions related to candidates abilities; qualities and job position are asked. At last, they are given with the appointment letter.

Recruitment is a costly and time consuming process and it is the most crucial step which HR has to take for the organization. In both the firms, employees are the most important assets. Both the firms spend highly on recruitment process and there is a possibility of selecting unsuitable candidates during recruitment process. As it is the hospitality industry, it is important to know the candidate's communication skills and personality required for the job effectiveness. For this purpose, organization is required to take personal interviews and have proper screening before it finalize a candidate.

Hilton uses internal source as well to recruit the employees which is comparatively a cost efficient method (Cunha and et. al., 2003). By adopting this type of method, firm should be able to fulfil the purpose of appointing right candidates for the right job who will put efforts to achieve the desired goals and objectives of the firm.

3.1 Link between motivational theories and rewards

Motivation is a process through which the behaviour of individuals performs more effectively and this is done by satisfying all the needs and requirements. In addition to this, rewards are given to the employees so that they get motivated and perform more effectively. There are many motivational theories which are very helpful in encouraging employee and also help in increasing their efficiency and effectiveness. Workers tend to give in their best when they know that they will be rewarded for their work (Deb, 2006). Therefore, reward is the drive force that forces the employees to perform better and direct their behaviour towards achievement organizational objectives.

Rewards can be given to the employees in two forms, which are: Extrinsic rewards and Intrinsic rewards which are very helpful in motivating employees.

Intrinsic rewards: It is not a physical gift given to employee. It is intangible form of reward which a manager provides to employees according to level of performance. In fact it is related to providing employees with autonomy, empowerment, recognition, appreciation and getting challenging tasks.

Extrinsic rewards: It is related with providing the employees with, bonuses, pay/salary, promotions, fringe and benefits. It is a tangible or physical reward given to employees. It is very helpful in boosting up employees moral and they work with more enthusiasm and positivity.

Marriott Hotels can improve their employee’s performance by providing them with adequate rewarding system according to their performance (Lussier and Hendon, 2014). The management should focus on providing both intrinsic rewards as well as extrinsic rewards and should be given equal importance. Through this significant change can be seen on their performance. From this it is clear that employee's motivation has a significant impact by providing them rewards which help in increasing their job efficiency.

3.2 Evaluating the process of job evaluation

Job evaluation is a process which assess and analyses jobs systematically to understand the relationship with the organization. Following are the steps in job evaluation:

Job analysis: It is a process through which all the required information regarding various aspects of job can be determined. It has two dimensions:

• Job description:Under this job information is made which includes responsibilities, duties and work conditions (DeSimone and Werner, 2011).
• Job specification:This explains the specification which is required like knowledge, abilities and skills which are required in performing the job.

Job rating: It is using same methods to know the specification and job description. Methods like point rating factor comparison, ranking, etc. Job offered by firms have may different, job profile differs according to type of organization which has been selected. Accordingly, it is very helpful to position it easily.

Money allocation: In this process pay structure is determined for each job. In other words, it is the arrangement of compensation or rewards for each job with accordance with its value or worth (Rao, 2011). For each job there are different strategies through which employees are given incentives or are paid extra.

Job Classification: It is the final step of job evaluation. In this step it categorizes the job according to its pay scale. For instance, jobs which are highly paid will be placed at the top. Different organization would pay differently according to experience or skills which individual possess. According to pay scale, rating should be done and accordingly selection should be made.

3.3 Effectiveness of reward system in different context

Reward is very effective in boosting up the employees moral to perform beyond their capabilities. There are many benefits which a firm can get by giving rewards to the employees as it helps in motivating and encouraging. In addition to this cited firm that is Marriott International will be able to achieve their desired goals and objective easily (Ellinger and Ellinger, 2014). Following are the effectiveness of reward system:

Administering of reward program: It helps in overseeing that the rewards given to the employees were positively contributing towards the goals and objectives of Marriott Hotel or not. When employees work continuous, then they would get demotivated. Giving them with rewards is an effective strategy so as to motivate them.Coursework writing service available at affordable prices.

In retaining employees: Employee who are given rewards, they more often tends to stay long within Marriott International. Rewards provide a sense of satisfaction and it boosts up the employees moral. For example, proving employees with monitory rewards would help Marriott hotel in increasing job satisfaction and it would help in decreasing employees turnover.

Measures performance: Reward given to an employee is helpful in knowing the improvement in the performance of work done. When an employee receives a reward for this performance, then   next reward he will get only when he performs better than previous performance (Hafeez and Abdelmeguid, 2003). In this context, employees of Marriott hotel will make him perform more effectively in order to get reward. Rewards are very helpful in measuring performance level of employees.

Reduce expenses: The total amount of money spent on an employee over a specified time period this helps in building up total budget structure and amount can be calculated as total expenditure incurred by the Marriott International. When employees do not perform well or get demotivate, then providing them training is one of the strategies which can be adopted but for this purpose firm has to spend highly. With this respect to it providing them reward would help in reducing cost or expenses.

3.4 Ways to monitor employees performance

Following are the ways through which Marriott Hotels can monitor their employee’s performance:

Punctuality: Employees who perform arrive for work on time will be very hard working and dedicated towards their job they perform. On the other hand, workers who take frequent leaves or arrive late for work are very unlikely to meet organizational objectives.

Work quality: It is a key indicator which helps in measuring the employee's performance. Employees how work effectively and do their job by putting extra efforts are those employees through which organizational goals can be achieved (Hassan, 2007).

Observing personally: Managers of the firm should observe each and every employee personally to know measure their capability and effectiveness toward the job. Through this process organization will be able to provide their employees with appropriate things which they can do in order to improve their efforts.

Asking for account: After each and every conversation managers of Marriott Hotels should ask their employee's regarding the account of work they did during their last conversation. This will be very helpful in knowing the improvement of the worker (Holland and Pyman, 2006). Through these, managers can also help them in providing them ways through which they can improve their efficiency.

Self-monitoring tool: Managers should guide them to use tools like checklist, activity logs and project plans. This will help them to know whether they are able to meet the deadlines or goals. With the help of checklist they can make notations when they complete ant task. They can note down the time they took in completing the task and this will also help in improve their quality and performance of work.

By carrying out random checks: Depending upon the nature of the business random checks are very helpful in know the quality standards.  Marriott Hotels should provide high quality services to its customers to attract more and more customers (Mayhew, 2015). They should have frequent checks on the quality standards to know the performance of their employees.

4.1 Identifying the reasons for cessation of employment within Marriott Hotels

There are many reasons because of which employee are terminated for the organizations following are reasons of termination of employees from Marriott Hotels:

Lack in performance: First reason for termination is due to inadequacy in performances of job. This is done when employees do not perform according to the requirements of the organization (Ichniowsk and Shaw, 2000). Termination are given in those cases where the employees do not perform effectively even after providing them adequate training.

Damaging property: When employees damage the property of the work place and that also knowingly, done under to take revenge or in anger becomes a reason for termination of job. Employees should take care of the thing and properties on the organization where they work should handled and cared.

Falsifying the records: All the data which is gathered by the organization for better satisfaction of customers or collected of any other purpose should not be misused. In addition to this, firm should have systematic system on which data could be kept safe. If employees are caught falsifying the data or records then they are terminated in Marriott Hotels.

When laws are broken: Every firm have their own rules and regulation according to the culture they follow and employees have to follow and respect the culture given by the firm (Chand, 2015). When employees break the rules and responsibilities on regular basis then it becomes a reason for cessation of employees. For example, all the employees have same dressing code, when they regularly come to work wearing any other dress code, then they would be cessation

Frequent holidays: Where the employee remains absent on work or take frequent holidays, this negatively affecting the productivity of business and it can lead to termination of employment (Inkson, 2008). It is a type of loss which firm has to bear. Each and every employee are given different roles and if they get absent or take leave then other employees have to perform extra.

4.2 Describing the employment exist procedures

Marriott Hotels have very strict rules for exit procedures for employees. The employee who wants to leave the firm has to write a mail and send it to the head manager. The mail should include the reason. After these, meeting is conducted where the reasons are discussed and solutions are taken. Employee who is hard working or effective tents to leave the firm, then managers try to understand the problems or issues by which the employee’s tents to leave. There are many cases were the employees requirements are fulfilled and they drop the plan of leaving the firm (Jain, 2005). There are could be many reasons because of which employees would have set up his/her mind to leave the firm. Even after meeting, when employees who make up their mind that they have to leave the firm are told to write a resignation letter to the management and then after accepting the resignation letter the employee will be given 1 notice period. According to this notice employee have to train the new employee who will fill up the vacant position. The new candidate who would come in the place of the employees who would be leaving will be helpful in providing new one proper training. After one month, organization will provide the employee with relieving letter. In addition to this, employees are also given experience letter where the time period and employees efficiency while working in the firm is mentioned. 

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On the other hand, Hilton also has similar rules when employees tent to leave the firm. They have to give resignation letter stating the reason of leaving the job. Then meeting is conducted to know the problem or issues. After accepting the resignation letter by the management, then they will be given a notice period of twenty days where the leaving employees has to provide training to the new employees who will fill the vacant position (Khan and Sheikh, 2012). When the notice period gets over, then employees are given relieving letter which states that respective person was an employee of Hilton hotel. In addition to this they are given experience in which the period they worked and their performance is mentioned.

4.3 Impact of legal and regulatory framework on employment cessation arrangements 

There are many laws for the employee's cessation and these regulation have high impact over the employment cessation. In accordance with Marriott International following are the few laws related to cessation of employees:

• Termination of job without or with notice period
• With the same terms and policies, contract is not been renewed at the end of the period.
• It is important for the employees to provide 1 month notice period before resignation.
• Employees tribunal is present in order to resolve conflicts related to redundancy payment or dismissale.

Among which most basic law is Employment Right Act 1996. According to this act employees has to inform to management regarding the resignation. In such cases Marriott hotel has the right to take any action against the employee. Organization should provide notice to the employee stating that such employees has been in continuous employment for one month or more and it should be given at least one month before termination (Wilson, 2005). In case the employee has only worked for two years then the notice period should be at least less than one month. In case were the employee worked for more than twelve months then the notice should be served at least twelve months prior of such terminations. This is the basic and systematic procedure through which employees cessation arrangements takes place in an organization.

CONCLUSION

From this report, it can be articulated that HR play many important role like recruitment, retaining, training and development, etc. Among all these roles most important role recruitment as it should be done very carefully. Organization spends highly on selection and recruitment, in case select is wrongly done then it will be a loss for the organization. HR should be very careful in selecting the best candidate for the vacant position. Further, motivation is very important for better performance as it encourages and fills the employee will positivity. Reward is the best tool which firms use in motivating the employee's. In addition to this, there are many there can be many reasons due to which employees can be terminated. Workers should be very careful and should strictly follow their role and responsibilities given to them.

REFERENCES

• Armstrong, M., 2012. Armstrong’s Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. 12th ed.
• Barbeito, C. L., 2004. Human Resource Policies and Procedures for Nonprofit Organizations. John Wiley & Sons.
• Bell, G., 2012. Playing the HR field: An interview with R. Wayne Pace, founding president of the Academy of Human Resource Development, and author of Human Resource Development: The Field. Human Resource Management International Digest. 20(7). pp. 39 – 41.
• Berke, R. P. and Campanella, J. T., 2006. Planning for Postdisaster Resiliency. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 604. pp. 192 – 207.
• Brooks, K. and Nafukho, M. F., 2006. Human resource development, social capital, emotional intelligence: Any link to productivity?. Journal of European Industrial Training. 30(2). pp. 117 – 128.
• Christensen, R., 2006. Roadmap to Strategic HR: Turning a Great Idea Into a Business Reality. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn.
• Cunha, C. R. and et. al., 2003. Market Forces, Strategic Management, Human Resource Management Practices and Organizational Performance: A Model Based on a European Sample. Management Research: The Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management. 1(1). pp. 79 – 91 

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